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منابع طبیعی و توسعه: تحلیل پانلی شناسایی کانال‌های اجتماعی انتقالی

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار، گروه جامعه‌شناسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه نیشابور، نیشابور، ایران

چکیده

اثر تسهیل‌کنندگی/تضییق­‌کنندگی منابع طبیعی نظیر نفت و گاز بر توسعه­ جوامع، از کانال‌های میانجی گوناگونی صورت­ می­‌گیرد، اما با توجه به خلأ تحقیقاتی در حوزه مکانیسم­‌های اجتماعی واسط، هدف از انجام تحقیق حاضر، بررسی نقش مکانیسم‌­های اجتماعی واسط در انتقال تأثیرات علّی منابع طبیعی بر توسعه جوامع و نیز تعیین سهم نسبی هریک از این کانال‌های مذکور بود. تحقیق حاضر با روش تحلیل پانلی داده­‌های مربوط به 133 کشور در بازه زمانی سال‌های 2000-2013، صورت گرفت. یافته‌ها نشان می­‌دهد، لحاظ کانال­‌های میانجی واسط، اثر مستقیم منابع طبیعی بر توسعه را ناپدید می­‌کند. مدلول نکته­ مذکور این است که منابع طبیعی عمدتاً به‌صورت غیرمستقیم‌اند که نقش­ علّی دارند. همچنین یافته­‌ها نشان داد، منابع طبیعی از طریق کانال­‌های اجتماعی سرمایه انسانی، کیفیت نهادی و نیز سطح ثبات اجتماعی بر سطح توسعه­ جوامع تأثیر می‌گذارند. یکی از مهم‌ترین یافته‌های تحقیق حاضر که بدنه­ دانش شکل­ گرفته در این حوزه­ را به ‌پیش­ می­‌راند، این است که سرمایه انسانی، مهم‌ترین کانال اجتماعی تأثیر منابع طبیعی بر توسعه­ جوامع است. پیامدهای توسعه‌ای منفی جوامع برخوردار یا وابسته به منابع طبیعی نفت، عمدتاً از طریق تضعیف ساختار سرمایه انسانی روی می­‌دهد؛ پیامدی که البته با سیاست‌گذاری مناسب امری اجتناب‌ناپذیر نیست.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

مراجع
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