Social capital focuses on the relationships between individuals—relationships that evolve throughout a person’s life and influence their behavior and attitudes. This study aimed to investigate social capital among students of basic medical sciences in Mashhad. From this population, based on Morgan’s table, 200 individuals were selected through stratified random sampling with proportional allocation from five different admission cohorts and included in the study. Data were collected and analyzed using the standardized Onyx and Bullen (2000) questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.87. Findings indicated that 42% of the students had a moderate level of social capital. The highest mean score was observed in the domain of "social agency," while the lowest was observed in "participation in the local community". Furthermore, social capital was significantly higher among male students compared to female students. No significant relationship was found between marital status and social capital; however, non-local students demonstrated greater participation in the local community. Additionally, social capital showed substantial associations with variables such as family income, parental education, and the number of siblings. Based on the results, implementing measures such as planning to develop collaborative networks, promoting gender empowerment, and designing family-centered interventions could help enhance social capital in this population.