The present study employed a quantitative approach to explore the social factors influencing power structures in families in the city of Rasht. Data were collected using a researcher-administered questionnaire the validity and reliability of which had been assessed. The sample consisted of 384 individuals from families residing in the five districts of Rasht, selected through multistage random sampling. The findings suggest that family power structures in Rasht are neither entirely traditional nor fully modern; rather, they represent a combination of the two, which may be described as semi-traditional or semi-modern. A statistically significant correlation was found between cultural capital, economic capital, and family power structure, with increases in cultural and economic capital associated with a shift toward more modern family power structures. Conversely, social cohesion and social participation were negatively and significantly correlated with family power structure, with both being more prevalent in families characterized by traditional power structures. Religiosity was also negatively and significantly correlated with family power structure and was more pronounced in families with traditional power structures. According to the multiple regression results, social capital, cultural capital, economic capital, and religiosity collectively explained 22% of the variance in family power structure. Cultural capital, with a standardized coefficient of 0.14, economic capital, with a coefficient of 0.27, and religiosity, with a negative coefficient of −0.19, were found to influence variations in family power structure. Furthermore, individualistic and secular values were positively associated with participatory and modern power structures, whereas collectivist and religious values showed a positive correlation with male-dominated and traditional power structures within the family.