Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Journal of Social Sciences

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Editorial Board

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

Related Links

FAQ

Peer Review Process

Journal Metrics

News

Article Submission Checklist

Manuscript Structure

Guide Files

Journal Reviewers List

Reviewer Guide

The Study of Impacts of Entrepreneurial Spirit on the Exploitation of Entrepreneurial Opportunities Identified in Social Sciences

Document Type : *

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of Sociology, Arman Razavi Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran

2 Professor of Sociology, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran

3 Associate Professor of Sociology, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran

Abstract

The unprecedented increase in the unemployment rate among university graduates on the one hand and the government's inability to hire them on the other hand, indicate that entrepreneurship should be taken into consideration more seriously. Based on this, the main goal of this research is to investigate the impacts of entrepreneurial spirit on the exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities identified in social sciences. This research was carried out using a mixed method. Using in-depth interviews with professors and experts of social sciences, 16 entrepreneurial opportunities in social sciences were identified, which, contrary to public opinion, a range of jobs and employment opportunities exist in social sciences and mainly non-governmental sectors that have the ability to become official jobs with the support of the Sociological Association and consultation with the government. Then, a quantitative phase was started in the form of a survey method. The statistical population of the research was determined by sociology PhD students across the country and 121 of them were randomly selected. The research tool is a combination of standard scales and a researcher-made questionnaire, which were determined using construct validity, validity and internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha method. The findings of the research show that the entrepreneurial spirit with a coefficient of 0.30 and its dimensions including success-seeking, internal control, risk-taking, creativity and uncertainty tolerance has a significant and positive impact on the exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities. As a result, by identifying work and entrepreneurship opportunities in academic fields and strengthening the entrepreneurial spirit of students as one of the effective factors in exploiting opportunities, it is possible to provide the motivation and necessary conditions for students to get a job.

Keywords

References
  1. احمدپور داریانی، م.، و نصیری، م. ک. (1390). تئوری‎­های کارآفرینی (نظام‎­های اقتصادی و کارآفرینی). تهران: اخلاص.
  2. بختیاری، ص. (1385). تحلیلی از وضعیت اشتغال و بیکاری فارغ‎­التحصیلان نظام آموزش عالی. اولین همایش اشتغال و نظام آموزش عالی کشور، تهران، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.
  3. پاردیا، ر.، و ملکی، ب. (1385). جایگاه کشورهای جهان سوم در انتشار تولیدات علمی جهان (مطالعه موردی: کشور جمهوری اسلامی ایران). کنگره ملی علوم انسانی: وضعیت امروز چشم‎­انداز فردا، تهران.
  4. سعیدی­‎کیا، م. (1390). اصول و مبانی کارآفرینی (چاپ پنجم). تهران: انتشارات کیا.
  5. صارمی، م.، و علیزاده ثانی، م.ک. (1388). بررسی عوامل تأثیرگذار بر فرایند شناسایی فرصت‎­های کارآفرینی بین کارآفرینان برتر منتخب. توسعه کارآفرینی، 1(3)، 122- 103.
  6. فلیک، ا. (1387). درآمدی بر تحقیق کیفی (ه. جلیلی، مترجم). تهران: نشر نی.
  7. کردنائیج، ا.، زالی، م. ر.، هومن، ح. ع.، و شمس، ش. (1386). ابزار سنجش ویژگی­‎های شخصیتی کارآفرینان ایرانی (چاپ اول). تهران: انتشارات دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.
  8. گاندری، ل.، و کیکول، ج.آ. (1388). مدیریت استراتژیک کارآفرینی (م. اعرابی، و ک. نجفی پاشاکی، مترجمان). تهران: محکامه.
  9. گزارش هفتمین برنامه پژوهشی ارزیابی شاخص‎­های کارآفرینی در ایران براساس مدل دیده‎­بان جهانی کارآفرینی. (1393). نتایج برنامه 2014 GEM. مؤسسه کار و تأمین اجتماعی، دانشکده کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران.
  10. محسنی، ه. س.، و شفیع­‎زاده، ح. (1391). بررسی ویژگی­‎های شخصیتی کارآفرینانه دانشجویان دانشگاه‌های دولتی شهر تهران. فصلنامه راهبردی اجتماعی و فرهنگی، 1(4)، 165- 133.
  11. محمدی، م.، و عسگری، غ. ر. (1390). «تأثیر شخصیت کارآفرینانه بر موفقیت کارآفرینانه در کسب و کارهای کوچک و متوسط. توسعه کارآفرینی، 4(13)، 148- 129.
  12. میرعرب رضی، ر.، و و رضایی، س. (1385). آموزش و پژوهش کارآفرینی، راهکاری برای ارتقاء رشته­های علوم انسانی. کنگره ملی علوم انسانی، تهران.
  13. میرواحدی، س.س.، طغرایی، م. ت.، و سنجریان، ز. (1396). بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر تشخیص فرصت‌های کارآفرینانه. نشریه کارآفرینی در کشاورزی، 4(1)، 53- 74.
  14. هوشمندان مقدم‌­فرد، ز.، رضوانفر، ا.، موحد محمدی، ح.، و شمس، ع. (1390). سنجش میزان روحیه کارآفرینی هنرجویان هنرستان­‎های کشاورزی استان زنجان. مجله علوم ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی ایران، 7(2)، 114- 105.

 

  1. Achintya, K. S., & Com, B. (2010). Entrepreneurship: concept and definition. Retrieved from http://assamagribusiness.nic.in
  2. Ahlin, B., Drnovšek, M., & Hisrich, R. D. (2013). Entrepreneurs´ creativity and fi rm innovation: the moderating role of entrepreneurial self-effi cacy. Small Bus Econ, 43(1), 101-117.
  3. Almeida, P. I. L., Ahmetoglu, G., & Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2014). Who wants to be an entrepreneur? The relationship between vocational interests and individual differences in entrepreneurship. Journal of Career Assessment, 22(1), 102-112.
  4. Alvarez, S. A., & Barney, J. B. (2007). Discovery and creation: Alternative theories of entrepreneurial action. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 1(2), 11-26.
  5. Bardi, A., & Schwartz, H. (2003). Values and behavior: Strength and structure of relations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(10), 1207-1220.
  6. Bygrave, W. D., & Zacharakis, A. (2007). Entrepreneurship. The Business Planning Process.
  7. Caliendo, M., Fossen, F., & Kritikos, A. (2011). Personality characteristics and the decision to become and stay self-employed. SOEP papers on multidisciplinary panel data research at DIW Berlin. Retrieved from http://www.diw.de/soeppapers
  8. Cassar, G. (2014). Industry and startup experience on entrepreneur forecast performance in new firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 29(1), 137-151.
  9. Ceptureanu, S. L., Ceptureanu, E. G., Cristescu, M. P., & Dhesi, G. (2020). Analysis of social media impact on opportunity recognition. a social networks and entrepreneurial alertness mixed approach. Entropy, 22(3), 343.
  10. Chiles, T. H., Bluedorn, A. C., & Gupta, V. K. (2007). Beyond creative destruction and entrepreneurial discovery: A radical Austrian approach to entrepreneurship. Organization Studies, 28(4), 467-493.
  11. Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Four ways five factors are basic. Personality and Individual Differences, (13), 653-665.
  12. De Jong, P. J., & Marsili, O. (2010). Schumpeter versus Kirzner: An empirical investigation of opportunity types. EIM Business and Policy Research and RSM Erasmus University. Reference number: H201004.
  13. Dearkins, D., & Freel, M. E. (2002). Entrepreneurship and small firms (3rd) London: Mc Graw-Hill.
  14. Dekins, T. W., & Foil. N. M. (2003). Entrepreneurship and New Venture formation. Prentice Hall International.
  15. Drucker, P. F. (1999). Knowledge worker productivity: The biggest challeng. California Management Review, 41(2), 79-94.
  16. Edelman, L., & Yli‐Renko, H. (2010). The impact of environment and entrepreneurial perceptions on venture‐creation efforts: Bridging the discovery and creation views of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34(5), 833-856.
  17. Edward P. L. (2010). Entrepreneurship Hoover Enstitution and Graduate school of Business. Stanford: Stanford University.
  18. Eggers, F., Kraus, S., Hughes, M., Laraway, E., & Snycerski, S. (2013). Implications of customer and entrepreneurial orientations for SME growth. Management Decision, 51(3), 524-546.
  19. Eysenck, H. J., & Eysenck, S. B. G. (1996). Manual of the Eysenck Personality Scales (EPS Adult). London: Hooder & Stoughton Educational.
  20. Fairlie, R. W., & Holleran, W. (2012). Entrepreneurship training, risk aversion and other personality traits: Evidence from a random experiment. Journal of Economic Psychology, (33), 366-378.
  21. Frese, M., & Gielnik, M. M. (2014). The psychology of entrepreneurship. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, (1), 413-438.
  22. Fry, F. (1993). Entrepreneurship: A planning approach. New York: Prentice Hall.
  23. Gaglio, C. M., & Katz, J. A. (2001). The psychological basis of opportunity identification: Entrepreneurial alertness. Journal of Small Business Economics, 16(2), 95-111.
  24. Gibb, A. (2012). Exploring the synergistic potential in entrepreneurial university development: Towards the building of a strategic framework. Annals of Innovation & Entrepreneurship, (3), 1-21.
  25. GEM Global Report (2016/2017). Global entrepreneurship monitor. Retrieved from https://www.gemconsortium.org/report/gem-2016-2017-global-report
  26. Gurel, E., Alting, L., & Daniele, R. (2010). Tourism students entrepreneural intentions. Annals of Tourism Research, 37(3), 646-69.
  27. Hawdon, J., & Mobley, C. (2001). Applied sociology: What skills are important? Social insight: Knowledge at Work, 6(1), 12–20.
  28. Hisrich, R. D., Peters, M. P., & Shepherd, D. (2005). Entrepreneurship (6th Edition). Boston MC Graw-Hill.
  29. Hofestede, G. (2005). Cultural Dimensions. Retrieved from www.geert-hofested.com
  30. Hornaday, J. A., & Bunker, C. S. (1970). The nature of the entrepreneur. Personnel Psychologhy, 23(1), 47-54.
  31. Hurley, A. (1999). Incorporating feminist theories in to sociological theories of entrepreneurship. Women in Management Review, 14(2), 54-62.
  32. Kirzner, I. (1997). Entrepreneurial discovery and the competitive market process: An Austrian approach. The Journal of Economic Literature, 35(1), 60–85.
  33. Knőrr, H., Alvarez, C., & Urbano, D. (2013). Entrepreneurs or employees: A cross-cultural cognitive analysis. International Entrepreneurial Management Journal, 9(1), 273–294.
  34. Kraus, S., Rigtering, J. P., Hughes, M., & Hosman, V. (2012). Entrepreneurial orientation and the business performance of SMEs: A quantitative study from the Netherlands. Review of Managerial Science, (6), 161–182.
  35. Kvietok, A. (2013). Psychological profile of the entrepreneur. Retrieved from http://psyx.cz/texty/psychologickyprofi lpodnikatele.php.
  36. Lasagni, A. (2012). How can external relationships enhance innovation in smes? new evidence for Europe. Journal of Small Business Management, (50), 310-339.
  37. Liewellyn, D. J., & Wilson, K. M. (2003). The controversial role of personality trait in entrepreneurial psychology. Leeds Metropolitan University.
  38. Littunen, H. (2000). Entrepreneurship and the characteristics of the entrepreneurial personality. International. Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 6(6), 295- 309.
  39. Longenecker, G., Moore, C., & Petty, W. (1997). Small business management: An entrepreneurial emphasis. Cinicinnati, Ohio: South-Western College Publisher.
  40. Martínez-Román, J., & Romero, I. (2013). About the determinants of the degree of novelty in small businesses product innovations. International Entrepreneurship and Management, (9), 655-677.
  41. McClelland, D. (1969). Business drive and national achievement. Harvard Business Review, 40(4), 99-112.
  42. Mueller, P. (2006). Exploiting entrepreneurial opportunities: The impact of entrepreneurship on econimic growth. Small Business Economics, 28(4), 355-362.
  43. Nabi, G., & Linan, F. (2011). Graduate entrepreneurship in the developing world: intentions, education and development. Education and Training, 53(5), 325–334.
  44. Oben Uru, F., Caliskan Sezer, C. & Atan Ozlem, A. M. (2011). How much entrepreneurial characteristics matter in strategic decision making? Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, (24), 538-562.
  45. Omerzel, G. D., & Kušce, I. (2013). The infl uence of personal and environmental factors on entrepreneurs’performance. Kybernetes, 42(6), 906-927.
  46. Philips F., & Garman, A. (2006). Barriers to entrepreneurship in health care organization. Journal of Health and Human Service Administration, 28(4), 472-484.
  47. Rae, D. (2007). Entrepreneurship: From opportunity to action. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
  48. Rao, S., & Perry, Ch. (2003). Convergent interviewing to build a theory in under-researched areas: principles and an example investigation of Internet usage in inter-firm relationships, Qualitative Marke Research: An International Journal, 6(4), 236-247.
  49. Sarasvathy, S. (2001). Causation and effectuation: Toward a theoretical shift from economic inevitability to entrepreneurial contingency. Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 243-263.
  50. Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217- 226.
  51. Shane, S. A. (2003). A general theory of entrepreneurship: The Individual-opportunity Nexus. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
  52. Short, J. C., Ketchen J. D. J., Shook, C. L., & Ireland, R. D. (2010). The concept of “opportunity” in entrepreneurship research: Past accomplishments and future challenges. Journal of Management, 36(1), 40-65.
  53. Sidik, G. I. (2012). Conceptual framework of factors affecting SME development: Mediating factors on the relationship of entrepreneur traits and SME performance. Procedia Economics and Finance, (4), 373-383.
  54. Soininen, J., Martikainen, M., Puumalainen, K., & Kyläheiko, K. (2012). Entrepreneurial orientation: Growth and profi tability of Finnish small- and medium-sized enterprises. Internationall Journal Production Economics, (140), 614-621.
  55. Stolley, K. S. (2005). The basics of sociology. London, Greenwood Press.
  56. Tagona, C. (1990). University-industry research partnership: Motivation for Collaboration. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania.
  57. Taylor, N., & De Bruin, G. P. (2006). Basic traits inventory: Technical manual. Johannesburg. Jopie van Rooyen and Partners.
  58. Timons, J. A., & Spinelli, S. (2007). New venture creation: entrepreneurship for the 21st century, New York: McGraw-Hill Co.
  59. (2004). Higher Education in Europe. Retrieved from https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000043243
  60. Venkataraman, S. (1997). The Distinctive Domain of Entrepreneurship Research: An Editor’s Perspective, in Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth, 3(1), 119–138.
  61. Wood, M. S., & McKinley, W. (2010). The production of entrepreneurial opportunity: a constructivist perspective. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 4(1), 66-84.
  62. Yefei, Zh. (2013). The Identification and Exploitation of Entrepreneurial Opportunity. Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.

 

Send comment about this article
CAPTCHA Image
Files
Share
How to cite
Statistics