Document Type : علمی - پژوهشی
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Abstract
Development management is one of the newest fields of social sciences brought about by multidisciplinary approaches. The roots of these approaches are traced in the writings of Adorno, Horkheimer, Marcuse and Habermas, pioneers of the Frankfurt school. As an interdisciplinary field, mostly applied, development management is obviously the fruit of civil society, a society that values participatory democracy for its administrative and political organizations. The purpose of this article is to describe the multi-dimensional nature of development management and its interaction with civil institutions. The writer argues that development management is only successful in civil areas when it is sustainable, harmonious and comprehensive. To achieve this aim, it is necessary that secondary organizations be managed scientifically, specially those organizations whose responsibility is to maintain, reinforce and transfer knowledge.
Keywords: Development management, secondary organizations, primary organizations, civil institutions, civility, civilization
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