Exploring Entrepreneurial Personality Formation using Grounded Theory Approach
Seyed Kamaluddin
Hosseini
PhD in Sociology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
Ahmad Reza
Asgharpour Masouleh
Assistant Professor in Sociology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
Mohsen
Noghani Dokht Bahmani
Associate Professor in Sociology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
The aim of this study was to investigate and identify the conditions created for the individuals to achieve entrepreneurship with emphasis on habitus and social champs. It aimed to draw a paradigm model of entrepreneurship in its target community using the underlying theory strategy. The target population was all entrepreneurs who were registered as knowledge-based companies. The number of knowledge-based companies is fifty three in Khorasan Razavi. The number of entrepreneurs in the research sample were twenty. In-depth interviewing technique was used for collecting data. The entrepreneur is placed in various fields of education and many thinkers consider them fields of professional experience. These fields are considered as sources of entrepreneurial identification and form their constructive character. Entrepreneurs seek relationships more than anyone else. They occupy positions that are more advantageous to them compared to others, and they seize potential opportunities before others. Entrepreneurial identity is not a “given” thing, but is built on a regular basis. Entrepreneurs rethink their identity. After gaining honors and creating a job, entrepreneurs feel short-term satisfaction, and after that, they feel dissatisfied with their internal and external conditions, and again they try to make changes in the conditions. That is, actors (entrepreneurs), in a seemingly dead-end situation, decide to change the situation individually and spontaneously or by exchanging opinions with those around them. Entrepreneurs are always more likely to fail. The constant changes that cause confusion and tension in all aspects of work complicate this uncertainty. Entrepreneurs are involved in the important process of discovering and using entrepreneurial opportunities. Taking advantage of the opportunity is the key to building a successful business. The flourish of business would be entrepreneurial passion for development, the fluidity of modernity and the excitement that arises from such ambiguity.
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Journal of Social Sciences
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2980-9452
17
v.
1
no.
2020
28
1
https://social.um.ac.ir/article_39654_5f7221dd10780aa63707209bf8fe97ad.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/jss.v17i1.64944
Grounds and Processes of Divorce among Men and Women of Mashhad
Gholamreza
Sedigh Ouraee
Assistant Professor in Sociology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
Mostafa
Ghanizadeh
PhD Candidate in Economic and Developmental Sociology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Morteza
Dayyari
MA in Social Welfare, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
Family is formed based on a stable and continuous commitment between wife and husband. In case the family is not capable of fulfilling its members’ requirements properly, it will face instability. This instability sometimes results in divorce. Nowadays in Iran, families face with different instabilities and one of the consequences is assumed be divorce. The phenomenon has been increasing over the past decades. The study explored the divorce grounds and processes based based on actors’s experiences. The study was conducted using grounded theory and through interview with six women and four women. Doing deep interviews and multi-stage coding, it was tried to reach an abstract model. Finally, it come up with 180 open codes and 11 pivotal codes and at the end, a process model was obtained. In this paper, the concept of “inappropiate selection” is the main reason for the divorce. It should be mentioned that divorce reasons or divorce grounds can be categorized into macro and micro levels. At the macro level divorce can be due to multiculturalism and values confusion and at the micro level it can be due to inappropriate choices for marriage. The process comprises of inappropriate marriage, facing a problem and incapability in solving it, enhancing the problem and its effects on other aspects of their life.
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Journal of Social Sciences
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2980-9452
17
v.
1
no.
2020
54
29
https://social.um.ac.ir/article_39766_681cfa1ab59e8c156d7522754a69c5ed.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/social.2021.56373.0
Semantic Reconstruction of Women’s Experiences of Mother-in-Law and Bride Relationship (Introducing a Grounded Theory)
Khadijeh
Hatami
PhD Candidate in Sociology, Al-Zahra University, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
In Iranian society, as in societies such as India, China and Vietnam, etc. the relationship between mother-in-law and the bride has always been considered the most sensitive and fragile relationship and has been problematic in the family environment. In this regard, this research has been done by adopting a qualitative approach and with the aim of a phenomenological understanding of the relationship between mother-in-law and bride. Accordingly, grounded theory and in-depth interview technique were used to study the direct experience of 29 women from different cities. After collecting data and analyzing them paradigmatic model of the relationship between mother-in-law and bride around the core category “accepting my position” was drawn. Interviews showed that causal factors (support, interference, domination, self-centeredness, destruction, conspiracy, jealousy, and acceptance as a family member) and contextual factors (traditional culture and patriarchy) have influenced this relationship and its understanding. The strategies adopted by these women under the influence of intervening conditions (financial independence of the parties, level of expectations of the parties, level of education, level of dowry, age, family support, ability to sympathize) include passive strategies such as silence, coercion without argument, apology and condescension, active strategies such as problem-solving dialogue, confrontation, and argument. The strategies have had various positive and negative consequences such as mother-daughter relationship and sense of support, sense of intimacy, friendship, as positive and psychological trauma, resentment, hostility, the severance of the relationship, the desire for death, and punishment for the other party as negative ones.
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Journal of Social Sciences
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2980-9452
17
v.
1
no.
2020
85
55
https://social.um.ac.ir/article_39779_2953a7a3955e486337895c8cb23e82cb.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/social.2021.59018.0
Identifying Effective Factors on the Recognition of Opportunities for Creating Social Value in Iran: Glaserian Grounded Theory
Homa
Kalalian Moghadam
PhD Candidate in Entrepreneurship, Ali Abad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ali Abad Katoul, Iran
author
Yaghoub
Maharti
Assistant Professor in Entrepreneurship, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
Majid
Ashrafi
Assistant Professor, Department of Accounting,Ali Abad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ali Abad Katoul, Iran
author
Alireza
Khorakian
Assistant Professor in Innovation Management, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
Social entrepreneurship has emerged as a new issue in the social arena that by creating social value can be a response to the needs and challenges of societies in the current situation. However, the theory of social entrepreneurship is still in the conceptualization stage and, like economic entrepreneurship, the core of which is recognition of opportunity. The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting the identification of social opportunities for creating social value in Iran. This research used qualitative approach and its strategy is Glaserian grounded theory. Data collection tools were semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted with 19 social entrepreneurship experts and founders of social enterprises selected through purposive sampling. In order to analyze the data, MAXQDA software was used. Four criteria of trustworthiness, transformability, dependability and conformability were used to evaluate the strength of the research. Data analysis was performed in two stages of substantive and theoretical coding. The results of this study show the extraction of 263 codes or basic concepts as well as eleven concepts from interviews. These concepts are in the form of two main categories, namely, "motivational factors including social and prosocial motivations" and "contextual or environmental factors, including educational background and previous experience, entrepreneurial capabilities, personality characteristics, family factors, role patterns, educational system, government and policies, socio-cultural factors, and the media”. These factors affect the recognition of social opportunities for "the process of creating social values" in Iran. The results of this study can address some of the cognitive gaps of social entrepreneurship in Iran.
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Journal of Social Sciences
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2980-9452
17
v.
1
no.
2020
141
87
https://social.um.ac.ir/article_29569_6f73ba14f6fedd07283e8de440d419e5.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/social.2021.29569
Exploring the Role of Modern Communication Technologies in Expanding Iran’s National Development
Davood
Ghafoori
PhD Candidate in Communication Sciences, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
author
Ali
Jafari
Assistant Professor, Department of Communication Sciences, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
author
Ali
Geranmayehpour
Assistant Professor, Department of Communication Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
National development is known as increasing in material and spiritual capacities of national systems and reaching new levels of complexity, order and creativity. Studies on communication and national development in Iran play an important role in explicating the role of media in development. The study aimed at exploring the role of modern communication technologies in developing social, economic, political and cultural dimensions of national development. For the purpose, community-oriented development approach of Majid Tehranian was used as theoretical framework. The population were all professors, graduates and students of communication sciences, social sciences, and political sciences in Iranian provinces of Khorasan Razavi, South Khorasan, and North Khorasan. The sample size was determined 380 participants according Morgan Table, chosen through random sampling. Researcher-made questionnaire was used for gathering data. Results showed that modern technologies of Internet, satellite and social media influence different dimensions of development. Amongst the technologies, satellite has influenced the dimensions the most and internet the least. Moreover, hypothesis testing showed that there is a positive correlation between using modern communication technologies and political and economic dimensions of national development, while there is not a significant relationship between using the technologies and social and cultural dimensions. The coefficient of determination was 26%, which means that the independent variables of the study explain 26% of the changes in the dependent variable. Therefore, modern communication technologies are confirmed to be means of expanding national development and their emergence in modern era has helped the expansion.
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Journal of Social Sciences
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2980-9452
17
v.
1
no.
2020
164
143
https://social.um.ac.ir/article_39658_c57dc1631cca77cf9054d66fb93b51ea.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/social.2021.58985.0
The Relationship between Social Bonding and Tendency to Alcohol Consumption (Case Study of Students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University)
Korosh
Gholami Kotnaee
Assistant Professor in Sociology, Department of Social Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
author
Seyyed Mostafa
Seyyedranjbarsaqqezchi
MA in Sociology, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
author
Davood
Abdollahi
PhD in Sociology, University Lecturer, Ardabil, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
The study was conducted to explore the relationship between different dimensions of social bonding and alcohol consumption among students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University. The research method is quantitative and was done using questionnaire. The statistical population of the present study includes all students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University in the academic year 2017-2018, which was 11,280 students. The sample size was determined by Cochran's formula (432). All the participants were selected by random sampling method. The results showed that among the dimensions of social bonding, only the variable of participation and involvement in society had no significant relationship with the tendency of students to consume alcohol, but the variable of social bonding and its dimensions (attachment and interest in each other, commitment to and belief in norms, and law enforcement in community) had a significant and inverse relationship with students' tendency to consuming alcohol. And it was shown by examining the status of social bonding among Mohaghegh Ardabil’s students and using sociological analysis that increasing the quality of social bonding among students results in the reduction of social harms. In other words, high social anomalies such as tendency to consume alcohol indicate a weak social bond among members of that community.
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Journal of Social Sciences
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2980-9452
17
v.
1
no.
2020
194
165
https://social.um.ac.ir/article_39780_c6a007266589e1108f344ff7c70157cf.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/social.2021.59077.0
Exploring the Causes, Consequences and Strategies of Decreasing Divorce in Iran using Delfi Approach
Faribasadat
Banihashemi
PhD in Demography, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
author
Maliheh
Alimondegari
Assistant Professor in Demography, Faculty of Social Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
author
Shahla
Kazemipour
Associate Professor in Demography, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
author
Mohammad
Gholami Fesharaki
Assistant Professor in Biostatistics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
Divorce has been one of the big challenges in social issues of different societies. Many factors have increased divorce and researches in this regard. The applied study aimed to explore the causes, factors, consequences, and decreasing strategies of divorce in Iran. Fuzzy Delfi technique was used for identifiying the causes, consequences and strategies of decreasing divorce in Iran for the first time. Using the technique, 13 researchers and ecperts of divorce were interviewed and then the main strategies of decreasing divors were identified and ranked. “Lack of communication skills (between the couples, family members, and families)”, “unprecedented increase in entrance of women into labor market in recent decades that has resulted in economic independence and making women who are not satisfied with their marriage choose divorce”, and “the couples tendency towards social networks” are among the main causes of devorce. The main consequences of divorce were identified to be psychological traumas, problem in socialization of children of divorced parents, boost of female-headed households. Among the main strategies for decreasing divorce were “controlling and decreasing the social damages threatening family, especially addiction, unemployment, poverty, violence, spousal abuse”, “providing life skills trainings such as the rights and duties of couples, marital issues, better dialogue and an appropriate model of participation of couples in different decision makings in society”.
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Journal of Social Sciences
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2980-9452
17
v.
1
no.
2020
232
195
https://social.um.ac.ir/article_39788_1554b89deae36e6488bec021e1463f48.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/social.2021.59083.0
Lived Experience of Vipassana Meditators and the Social Consequences of Meditation with an Emphasis on Violence
Seyed Hossein
Serajzadeh
Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
author
Alireza
Karimi
Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
author
Masoud
Rouzbahani
MA in Sociology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
Vipassana meditation is one of the main courses of meditation in Iran. The main purpose of Vipassana meditation is to control anger, to avoid violence, and to provide peace to its followers. Investigation of such consequences requires scientific study and there is a lack of sociological studies in this regard. Accordingly, this research seeks to study lived experiences of Vipassana meditators and the social consequences of meditation with an emphasis on violence. The violence studied includes verbal, physical, symbolic, and systemic violence. Meditators also include people who have spent at least a 10-day Vipassana Meditation course. The research was qualitative and thematic analysis method was used. The sampling method was purposeful and fourteen samples were interviewed. Results show that Vipassana meditators are divided into two groups in the face of symbolic and systemic violence: the first group perceives these two dimensions of violence and the second group does not perceive it. The first group as well as all the meditators respond to verbal and physical violence in two passive and active ways with their own mechanisms. Vipassana meditators accept the present situation and submit to it. This is due to Vipassana's teachings about material and spiritual dependence and non-response to pleasures. Intra-group social interactions mediators reduce their outer social capital. This has made meditators consciously tend to seclude from other groups and move towards social isolation.
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Journal of Social Sciences
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2980-9452
17
v.
1
no.
2020
261
233
https://social.um.ac.ir/article_39823_c6be690293fc1f3f598807725afdc643.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/social.2021.59123.0
Qualitative Study of Social-Legal Dimensions of the Tendency of Single Women and Girls to Adopt Children with Emphasis on the Law for the Protection of Parentless and Abused Children and Adolescents
Fatemeh
Radan
Assistant Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
author
Shahram
Basity
Assistant Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
Such issues as divorce, natural and human events, addiction, illicit relationships, temporary marriages and other anomalies have various consequences such as orphan and abused children. Adoption is one of social solutions to this problem. According to Welfare Organization in 2018, 1496 parentless and abused children and adolescents, and 157396 single girls and women aged 30 to 50 years old live in Tehran. After the approval of the New Adoption Law in 2013, it was expected that more single girls and women be accepted due to this law but since then, only about 7% of these children have been adopted. The present qualitative research attempted to identify factors affecting the tendency of the selected population, reducing the number of barriers and increasing the factors influencing the child adoption inclination. The data were collected interviewing with sixteen single girls and women aged 30-50 living in Tehran through deep and semi-structured interviews based on the “field theory”. The results of this research are: Not receiving institutional support after adoption, negative look on parenting a children as the context conditions, negative social image of adoption as the causal conditions, passing laws as intervening conditions, not overcoming the advantages of adoption to its disadvantages as interactions, and finally, not accepting the New Adoption Law as a consequence.
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Journal of Social Sciences
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2980-9452
17
v.
1
no.
2020
290
263
https://social.um.ac.ir/article_39655_5e52bffe292276e398fd21288f7656ec.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/social.2021.59159.0
A Qualitative Study of Social Capital of Faculty Members using Co-Authorship Strategy
Parisa
Gholami
PhD Candidate in Education Management, Department of Educational Sciences, Kordestan University, Sanandaj, Iran
author
Keyvan
Bolandhematan
Associate Professor in Philosophy of Education, Department of Educational Sciences, Kordestan University, Sanandaj, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
University development highly depends on faculty members and their academic collaboration. The collaboration would increase mutual understanding of the members and improve their academic activities and contributions. Taking a qualitative approach and interpretive phenomenology method, this study tried to explore the experience of co-authorship of faculty members as a visible aspect of academic collaboration. Using purposive sampling and considering data saturation, twelve faculty members were interviewed through a semi-structured questionnaire. The data analyzed using Smith and Osborne’s (2004) method and MAXQDA 2020. Results indicated two deterrent and encouraging factors among the co-authorship experiences of the faculty members. The deterrent factor, resulting from unpleasant experiences was decreasing the quality of research with two subcategory of tendency to quantification and academic reputation and the encouraging one, resulting from nice experiences was creating a scientific community with four subcategories of social trust, collaboration, improving scientific discourse and improving the quality of university. Results showed that co-authorship improves social capital in universities and the authorship itself is influenced by universities’ feedback that could be strengthening or weakening. It is recommended in this study that for encouraging the co-authorship, university should pay attention to creating an appropriate space for academic collaboration and also qualitative criteria of research.
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Journal of Social Sciences
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2980-9452
17
v.
1
no.
2020
325
291
https://social.um.ac.ir/article_39901_1a55d00affb15988f2c202a9a1d6d790.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/social.2021.59423.0
Presenting a Student Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Model
Ehsan
Salari
PhD Candidate in Entrepreneurship, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
author
Mohammad
Salehi
Associate Professor, Department of Educational Management, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
author
Maryam
Taghvaee Yazdi
Associate Professor, Department of Educational Management, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
Given the importance of entrepreneurship in the development and prosperity of the country's economy, understanding ecosystem is of particular importance. Establishment and development of student entrepreneurship ecosystem as one of the most important factors in transforming students into future entrepreneurs, is currently in the spotlight of universities and higher education institutions. After reviewing the researchers conducted on entrepreneurship ecosystem, student entrepreneurship ecosystem in Iran and other foreign countries were explored. Most of the researches are on supporting academic entrepreneurship and no comprehensive attention has been paid to the ecosystem required by entrepreneurship. The study aimed to identify the dimensions and components of student entrepreneurship ecosystem and to present the student entrepreneurship ecosystem model at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview with 13 professors and entrepreneurial ecosystem experts who were selected by sequential sampling method. Dimensions and components of entrepreneurial ecosystem (74 sub-categories and 9 main dimensions) were identified from the interviews and developed in the form of a conceptual model of content analysis. Based on the findings of the study, the dimensions of the student entrepreneurship ecosystem from the perspective of the interviewees are support, education and learning, research, technology, events, communities, policy-making, cultural and social issues, laws, regulations, financial resources, institutions, networks, and interactions.
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Journal of Social Sciences
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2980-9452
17
v.
1
no.
2020
356
327
https://social.um.ac.ir/article_39342_e77b978f34692c024da3606526e0011b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/social.2020.39342
The Youths’ Attitudes towards Marriage and its Relationship with Value Preferences, Religiosity, and Parenting Style (Case Study: Youths of West Azerbaijan)
Hossein
Honarvar
Assistant Professor in Sociology, Department of Psychology, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
author
Ebrahim
Mohammadpour
PhD Candidate in Economic and Developmental Sociology, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
In the past decades the change of cultural values as a consequence of going from tradition to modernity have resulted in the huge change in youths’ values and attitude towards different issues like marriage. In other words, change in values has caused human actions or their choices in different matters like marriage not follow cultural norms but freedom of action for achieving personal interests. This study aimed at exploring the youths’ attitudes towards marriage and factors affecting it, focusing on East Azerbayjan as a case. The population of the survey consisted of the youths of Urmia, Khoy, Miandoab and Piranshahr cities. 832 participants were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. The data gathered using questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS. The results showed that the attitude of the participants towards marriage is below the average. The results of two-variable relationships showed that the variables of individualism, materialism, authoritarian parenting, and absolute freedom of children in parenting have a negative effect and religiosity and rational freedom of children in parenting have a positive effect on the attitude towards marriage, but there was not a correlation between socio-economic status, age, and gender of participants with their attitudes towards marriage. From amongst the variables, the most influencing variables are free parenting style (-0/39), materialism (-0/37), individualism (-0/31), rational parenting (0/22), authoritarian parenting (-0/21) and religiosity (0-20). The abovementioned variables in regression model could explain 32%t of changes towards marriage.
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Journal of Social Sciences
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2980-9452
17
v.
1
no.
2020
384
357
https://social.um.ac.ir/article_39849_c665fcdf7c9b895e3c7db9fd5e97aa8e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/social.2021.67197.0