نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی
نویسنده
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
چکیده
شبیهسازی اجتماعی شامل مجموعهای از تکنیکها و ابزارهاست برای مدلکردن پدیدههای اجتماعی، به گونهای که بتوان آزمونها و آزمایشهایی مجازی بر روی آن مدلها انجام داد. اگرچه گسترش امکانات رایانهای تاریخی کوتاه دارد؛ اما ریشههای نیاز به شبیهسازی در جامعهشناسی را میتوان تا نیمۀ اول قرن بیستم پی گرفت. در یک تقسیمبندی تکنیکهای شبیهسازی اجتماعی را میتوان در پنج دستۀ پویایی سیستمی، مدلهای صفبندی، شبیهسازی خرد، اتوماتای سلولی و مدلهای عاملمحور قرار داد. این پنج تکنیک در دو دستۀ تکنیکهای فرآیندمحور (دو مورد اول) و تکنیکهای عاملمحور (سه موردی بعدی) قرار میگیرند. از میان تمام این تکنیکها به نظر میرسد مدلسازی عاملمحور بیش از همه بر معضلات پیش روی محققان اجتماعی و نیز نیازهای آنها تطابق دارد. در مدلسازی عاملمحور میتوان برخی از مهمترین دغدغههای جامعه-شناسان؛ مانند ناهمگونی عاملها، تعامل میان عاملها، یادگیری عاملها، تعامل عاملها و محیط و ظهور الگوهای کلان از کنشهای خرد را به خوبی بررسی کرد.
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